Autodesk Advance Steel 2019 is an impressive 3D modeling software for steel detailing and it has been built on the AutoCAD platform. This application has been used by the structural engineering professionals to help accelerate design, steel detailing, steel construction and steel fabrication. You can also download RebarCAD.
Autodesk Advance Steel 2019 has got ready to use Connection Vault can help save time. It has got built-in connection design engine and has got stairs, railings and the cage ladders to model misc steelworks more quickly. It also allows you ro create folded elements of any shape instantly and more quickly. This application also allows you to generate the data for CNC workshop machines plus you can also generate accurate drawings for the fabrication. With Autodesk Advance Steel 2019 you can optimize your structure with bidirectional links. All in all Autodesk Advance Steel 2019 is an imposing 3D modeling software for steel detailing and it has been built on the AutoCAD platform. You can also download KESZ ConSteel 2018-x64.
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The second analytical model involved implementing an iterative moment-curvature solution by using the constitutive models of each element based on material testing. Refer to McRory [44] for detailed design calculations of the two design approaches. The steel-reinforced model was performed in accordance with the AASHTO LFRD flexural design requirements outlined in Article 5.6.3 [39]. Since the reinforcement ratio was sufficient in the GFRP sections to ensure a concrete crushing failure, the requirements of Article 2.6.3.2.2 of the AASHTO LRFD Design Guide for GFRP were used to obtain the flexural capacity of the GFRP-reinforced section [39]. Finally, the recommendations provided in Sections 4.7 and 4.9 of the ACI 544.4R-18 [42] Guide for Design with FRC were followed, although instead of using a variable stress-crack width relationship for the FRC, the rigid-plastic model for FRC detailed in subclause 5.6.3 of the fib Model Code [51] was applied to the entire tensile region. Equation (1) describes the ultimate residual strength in the section as a function of the residual flexural tensile strength at a crack opening of 2.5 mm:
Thermally driven artificial muscles, such as twisted polymer actuators (TPAs), are a promising new development in the field of smart materials. TPAs have potential applications in advanced prostheses, robotics, or any operation that produces excess heat and requires actuation. The theory explaining the actuation phenomenon of TPAs is based on the anisotropic thermal expansion of drawn polymers, which expand radially and contract axially under thermal loading. When the monofilaments are twisted, these thermal expansion properties remain relatively unchanged, but the internal fibers become helically aligned, thus causing the TPA to untwist when heated. TPAs can be used as torsional or linear actuators, depending on the configuration of the twist. In this work, we present experimental methods for acquiring untwisted monofilament thermal properties and thermal actuation data of straight twisted polymer actuators (STPAs). STPAs act as torsional actuators and can be thought of as elemental sections of the coiled linear actuators. The experimental data is then used to assess current, kinematic models for predicting STPA responses under free torsion. The results suggest that current models capture first order torsional and axial response due to thermal load and indicate areas for future refinement and research.
Distortion-induced fatigue cracks represent the majority of fatigue cracks in steel bridges in the United States. Currently, bridge owners, such as the state departments of transportation, rely on human inspection to detect, monitor, and quantify these cracks so that appropriate repairs can be applied before cracks reach critical sizes. However, visual inspections are costly, labor intensive, and may be prone to error due to inconsistent skills among bridge inspectors. In this study, we represent a novel strain-based approach for sensing distortion-induced fatigue cracks in steel bridges using soft elastomeric capacitor (SEC) arrays. Compared with traditional foil strain gauges, the SEC technology is a large-area and flexible skin-type strain sensor that can measure a wide range of strain over a large surface. Previous investigations have verified the suitability of a single SEC for sensing an in-plane fatigue crack in a small-scale steel specimen. In this paper, we further demonstrate the ability of SECs for sensing distortion-induced fatigue cracks. The proposed strategy consists of deploying an array of SECs to cover a large fatigue-susceptible region and establishing a fatigue sensing algorithm by constructing a crack growth index (CGI) map. The effectiveness of the strategy was experimentally validated through fatigue tests of bridge girder to cross-frame connection models with distortion-induced fatigue cracks. Test results verified that by deploying an SEC array, multiple CGIs can be obtained over the fatigue-susceptible region, offering a more comprehensive picture of fatigue damage. Furthermore, by monitoring a series of CGI maps constructed under different fatigue cycles, the fatigue crack growth can be clearly visualized through the intensity change in the CGI maps.
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